Abstract:Resolving policy potential disparities and coordinating  among multiple stakeholders are essential components of effective policy implementation. Nevertheless, there has been limited scholarly attention to the causes and remedies for grassroots implementation challenges, particularly through the lens of new collective action theory and the concept of “policy potential difference.” This study employs the new collective action theory, utilizing a dynamic analytical model based on “institutional control−policy mobilization” and “policy potential difference” to explore the implementation of farmland protection policies. The study finds that in response to implementation challenges, grassroots governments can employ a robust dual model of institutional control and policy mobilization to develop a collaborative empowerment strategy of “ductile subsidence−differential embedding” to address difficulties. Policy implementation is optimized through three pathways: “institutional embedding and pressure entrusting,” “resource embedding and differential satisfaction,” and “relational embedding with informal organization mobilization and confidence building.” Drawing from grassroots policy implementation experiences, the dynamic interaction between “institutional control−policy mobilization” and “policy potential difference” strengthens the theoretical interpretation of policy implementation at the grassroots level in China.

KEYWORDS:farmland protection, multivariate cooperation, policy implementation, policy potential di

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